Not surprisingly, the Board found the marks to be very similar in sound, appearance, meaning and commercial impression, since the literal portions of the marks are identical. Respondent's disclaimer of the two words has no bearing on the likelihood-of confusion analysis.
However, to prove likely confusion, Petitioner must establish some viable relationship between the goods "such that they would be encountered by the same persons under circumstances that could, because of the similarity of the marks used thereon, give rise to the mistaken belief that they emanate from or are associated with the same source."
The goods appear wholly unrelated on their respective faces, and Petitioner failed to show or explain how they are commercially related. Respondent's goods would be sold in drug stores and groceries, where computer hardware and software are not customarily found.
Petitioner pointed out, however, that both parties market via the Internet. Not good enough, said the Board. "[T]he mere fact that goods and services may both be advertised and offered through the Internet is not a sufficient basis to find that they are sold through the same channels of trade." Parfums de Coeur Ltd. v. Lazarus, 83 USPQ2d 1012, 1021 (TTAB 2007).
The involved goods would be sold to different classes of consumers, the Board observed, and even though the purchasers of Petitioner's highly technical goods [rocket scientists, engineers, and the like] may also be purchasers of Respondent's goods, "the likelihood for any kind of confusion as to the source or sponsorship of the parties' goods is de minimis."
Finally, Petitioner contended that actual confusion has already occurred: it received four misdirected phone calls over a two-year period, each inquiring about vitamins or male enhancement pills. The Board, however, found the evidence of no probative value. Although the callers were confused, the nature of that confusion was entirely unclear from the testimony.
Indeed, petitioner has offered no testimony as to what caused these individuals to contact petitioner instead of respondent. There could be any number of reasons for the mistake other than confusion as to source for respondent’s and petitioner’s goods. They may have mistaken one mark for the other, which would account for their misdirected calls, but there is no indication that mistake occurred because of any belief that respondent’s nutritional supplements came from the same source as petitioner’s computer goods. In fact, it is not even clear that the callers were aware of petitioner’s goods.
The Board concluded that, because the goods are so "fundamentally dissimilar," a likelihood of confusion does not exist.
TTABlog comment: So what would be a probative telephone call? "Hello? I just wanted you to know that your male enhancement pill was a dud. You can be sure I'll never buy your software!"
Text Copyright John L. Welch 2012.
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